AQA GCSE Biology Paper 1 Practice Exam 2025 - Free GCSE Biology Practice Questions and Revision Guide

The correct term for the process that yeast undergoes during anaerobic respiration is fermentation. This process occurs when yeast converts sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide in the absence of oxygen. Fermentation is essential in various applications, such as in the production of alcoholic beverages and bread, where the carbon dioxide produced causes the dough to rise.

In the context of biology, fermentation allows yeast to generate energy when oxygen is not available, making it a vital metabolic pathway for these organisms. Understanding this process is crucial, especially in studies related to cellular respiration, as it highlights how organisms adapt to different environmental conditions to maintain energy production.

Photosynthesis, oxidation, and respiration do not describe the specific anaerobic process utilized by yeast. Photosynthesis refers to how plants convert light energy into chemical energy, oxidation generally involves reactions that occur in the presence of oxygen, and respiration can refer to both aerobic and anaerobic processes but does not specifically denote the anaerobic process carried out by yeast.